General information on Heliconius butterflies 

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Popular publications

• Crane, J (1957): Keeping house for tropical butterflies. National Geographic 112(No. 2, Aug.), 193-217.
• D'Abrera, B (1984): Butterflies of the Neotropical region. Vol. Part II. Danaidae, Ithomiidae, Heliconidae & Morphidae. Hill House, Ferny Creek, Victoria, Australia.
• De Vries, P (1986): The Butterflies of Costa Rica. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
• Hiam, AW (1982): Airborne models and flying mimics. Natural History 91 (No. 4, April), 42-49.
• Jones, FM (1930): The sleeping heliconias of Florida. Natural. History 30, 635-644.
• Mallet, J (1997): Mimicry in postman and rayed Heliconius from Peru.
• Mallet, J and Joron, M  (2000): Mimicry between polymorphic Heliconius numata and Melinaea (Ithomiinae).
• Milius, S (2001): Alarming butterflies and go-better fish: overlooked ways to invent new species.  Science News, July 21, 2001.
• Murawski, DA (1993): A taste for poison. National Geographic 184 (No. 6, December), 122-137.
• Smart, P (1976): The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World. Hamlyn, London.
• Turner, JRG (1973): Passion flower butterflies. Animals 15, 15-21.
• Turner, JRG (1975): A tale of two butterflies. Natural History 84 (No. 2, February), 24-37. Nice map!
• Wilson, P (2000): Heliconius feeding on a Psiguria vine in Eastern Ecuador

Complete synonymic checklist of Heliconiina:

• In Darwin database of Neotropical butterflies (from Lamas 2004)
• Complete data for scientific names of the butterflies of the world (Lamas et al., in progress)

HELICONIUS mailing list:

• Heliconius mailing list sign-up and info

Other web pages with information on Heliconius:

• Bates, Henry Walter (1863): the first study of a Heliconius hybrid zone
• Beebe, William (1955): the first experimental crosses with Heliconius erato and H. melpomene: Beebe, W. 1955. Polymorphism in reared broods of Heliconius butterflies from Surinam and Trinidad. Zoologica, N.Y. 40: 139-143, plates I-VI
• Beebe et al. (1960): How to tell the sex of Heliconius pupae.
• Beltrán, Margarita, et al. Phylogeny of Heliconius. See: Beltrán, M., Jiggins, C.D., Brower, A.V.Z., Bermingham, E., Mallet, J. (2007). Do pollen feeding and pupal-mating have a single origin in Heliconius? Inferences from multilocus sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 221-239.
• Beltrán, Margarita, et al.: 'Tree of Life' systematic treatment of Heliconiini
• Brown, Keith S. (1979): Ecologia Geográfica e Evolução nas Florestas Neotropicais. 2 vols. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. (Parts of this out of print monograph are now available on the web).
• Brown, Keith S. and Fernández Yépez, Francisco (1985): Los Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) de Venezuela.  Bol. Entomol. Venez. N.S. 3(4):29-73 (This excellent but hard-to-find monograph of heliconiines is now available on the web, profusely illustrated in colour. NB: this has been rekeyed; there may be small orthographic differences). PDF version (warning 80 MB!). HTML pages.
• Das, Rhiju (2000).  Theoretical basis of likelihood methods in molecular phylogenetic inference. MRes Dissertation.  University College London.  (Uses Heliconius phylogeny as a key example).
• Gilbert, Lawrence, Laboratory, UT Austin
• Jiggins, Chris: www.heliconius.org
• Joron, Mathieu: Evolution of mimetic diversity in Heliconius numata, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
• (Kapan, Durrell): Mimicry is key for butterfly survival (CNN report on 2001 Nature paper)
• Linares, Mauricio: Instituto de Genética, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
• McMillan, W. Owen: Heliconius genome project (Puerto Rico); McMillan Lab (NC State Univ.)
• Mallet, James & Simpson, Fraser: Heliconius colour pattern genetics -- broods
• Mallet, James (and colleagues): Hybrids between species of Heliconius and Eueides butterflies
• Mallet, James (and colleagues): Mutant Heliconius
• Mallet, James (and colleagues): Recent publications
• Mallet, James (and colleagues): Research themes
• Mallet, J., Lamas, G. et al. Heliconiina and Ithomiinae near Tarapoto, Peru
• Reed, Robert: Development of colour pattern in Heliconius and other butterflies
• Smiley, John: PhD Thesis and other publications (1978-1986) on Heliconius and Passiflora
• Srygley, Bob: Behavioural mimicry in Heliconius
• Vanderplank, John: UK National Passiflora Collection - larval food for Heliconius

General scientific publications about Heliconius:

• Brown, KS (1981): The biology of Heliconius and related genera. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 26, 427-456.
• Brower, AVZ (1996): Parallel race formation and the evolution of mimicry in Heliconius butterflies: a phylogenetic hypothesis from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution 50, 195-221.
• Brower, AVZ; Egan, MG (1997). Cladistics ofHeliconiusbutterflies and relatives (Nymphalidae: Heliconiiti): the phylogenetic position of Eueides based on sequences from mtDNA and a nuclear gene. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B 264: 969-977.
• Bull, VJ (2003).  Genealogy and speciation in Heliconius butterflies. PhD thesis, University of London.
• Gilbert, LE (1975): Ecological consequences of a coevolved mutualism between butterflies and plants. In: Coevolution of Animals and Plants. (Eds: Gilbert, LE; Raven, PR) University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, 210-240.
• Gilbert, LE (1983): Coevolution and mimicry. Chap. 12. In: Coevolution. (Eds: Futuyma,DJ; Slatkin,M) Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass., 263-281.
• Gilbert, LE (1991): Biodiversity of a Central American Heliconius community: pattern, process, and problems. Chap. 18. In: Plant-Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions. (Eds: Price,PW; Lewinsohn,TM; Fernandes,TW; Benson,WW) John Wiley, New York, 403-427.
• Mallet, J (1986): Gregarious roosting and home range in Heliconius butterflies. Natl. Geogr. Res. 2, 198-215.
• Mallet, J; Gilbert, LE (1995): Why are there so many mimicry rings? Correlations between habitat, behaviour and mimicry in Heliconius butterflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 55, 159-180.
• Mallet,J; Jiggins,CD; McMillan,WO (1996): Mimicry meets the mitochondrion. Current Biology 6, 937-940.
• Naisbit, RE (2001): Ecological divergence and speciation in Heliconius cydno and H. melpomene. PhD thesis, University of London
• Turner, JRG (1981): Adaptation and evolution in Heliconius: a defense of neo-Darwinism. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12, 99-121.
• Papageorgis, C (1975): Mimicry in neotropical butterflies. American Scientist 63, 522-532.
• Turner, JRG (1984): Mimicry: the palatability spectrum and its consequences. Chap. 14. In: The Biology of Butterflies. (Eds: Vane- Wright, RI; Ackery, PR) (Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 11.) Academic Press, London, 141-161.
• Turner, JRG; Mallet, JLB (1996): Did forest islands drive the diversity of warningly coloured butterflies? Biotic drift and the shifting balance. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. (B) 351, 835-845.

Lepidoptera other than Heliconius

• General information about New World Tropical Lepidoptera
• Ithomiinae

Mimicry, warning colour, aposematism

• Mimicry, warning colour, aposematism

• Portraits of evolutionists and entomologists